António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970) was the corporatist, fundamentalist Catholic dictator of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He transform Portugal for better in many aspects, like education, finance(he transform Portugal of very poor to an rich one in only a few years) , transportation, industry, work, healthy, energy, and very much others. He is the founder of what he called the “New State”, an authoritarian right-wing regime that ruled the country until 1974. Salazar came to power in 1932, aged only 43, in an era when Europe bristled with dictators. A look into the romantic life of Portugal's dictator António de Oliveira Salazar with the French … Adam Nicholson He also held the ministries of defense (April 13, 1961–December 4, 1962) and finance (April 28, 1928–August 28, 1940). Order it now. Salazar was a normal man, but a very unusual dictator, whose thought and action continue to pose a challenge to democratic politics in Europe and elsewhere. Portugal’s dictator had little interest in the methods of Hitler, Mussolini, or Franco. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. After World War II, Portugal’s railways, road transport, and merchant navy were reequipped, and a national airline was instituted. It was during the Thirties that he founded the Estado Novo which he dominated for thirty years or more. António de Oliveira Salazar was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. Showing that he had a studious and attentive mind, he was accepted by a seminary where he was thoroughly educated. In... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. On 13 February 1965, a charismatic opponent of the Portuguese nationalist dictatorship, Gen Humberto Delgado, was assassinated over the border in rural Spain. Salazar: The Dictator Who Refused to Die, by Tom Gallagher, (Hurst: 2020), 360 pages.. Nobody wants to talk about António de Oliveira Salazar. Encyclopaedia Britannica Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Fifty years have elapsed since the Portuguese dictator António de Oliveira Salazar left office. In 1968 after he suffered a cardiovascular attack, he was removed from power. Total price: $48.18. Distinguished in Economics, he ascended under the dictatorship of General Carmona (1926 – 32). The provisional military government was shortly taken over by General António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona, who favoured sweeping changes. Gold vs. Bitcoin from a historical perspective, We are in a cold civil war… – Behind Enemy Lines, Knights Hospitaller & Knights Templar: the difference, As Johnson threatens UK's neighbours with gunboats, we revisit the lies underpinning the entire Brexit project - 1Gov.uK - The People's Government Website, Business Card Research Links: – The Exhibition Coalition. President Tomás invited Marcello Caetano, one of the architects of the New State, to form a government, but Salazar was never informed of this transition. He was replaced as prime minister by Marcello Caetano, a change that the disabled Salazar was never told had taken place. His corporative state continued about equal blends of Roman Catholic principles and Mussolini-like fascism. In this photo taken Friday, Oct. 9 2015, a statue of Antonio Salazar, a Portuguese dictator in colonial times, faces a wall in a courtyard of the national library in Maputo, the capital of Mozambique. In stock on February 9, 2021. António de Oliveira Salazar, (born April 28, 1889, Vimieiro, Port.—died July 27, 1970, Lisbon), Portuguese economist, who served as prime minister of Portugal for 36 years (1932–68). Salazar was, in effect, the dictator of Portugal, but he preferred a passive public and a limited state where social power remained in the hands of the Church, the army, and the big landowners. The good monks found him studious, quiet and self-contained. Salazar was, after all, educated, a member of the elite. Read More on This Topic Portugal: The Salazar regime The parallels are interesting. His springboard was not the militant mob, but the press. Unlike most of the authoritarian rulers who rose to power during the interwar years, Salazar departed peacefully, laid low by a stroke. António de Oliveira Salazar was the prime minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. Antonio Salazar secured power by resigning. In May 1926, after the army had overthrown Portugal’s parliamentary government, Salazar was offered the cabinet post of minister of finance, but he could not obtain his own conditions. He was born in 1889 to Antonio de Oliviera and Resgate Salazar in the province of Beira Alto in Portugal. António de Oliveira Salazar, (born April 28, 1889, Vimieiro, Port.—died July 27, 1970, Lisbon), Portuguese economist, who served as prime minister of Portugal for 36 years (1932–68). In 1928, in the face of financial crisis, Carmona appointed, …in the early 1930s under António Salazar, however, immigration schemes were dropped and strict vigilance was exercised over all political and economic activity in the colonies. Salazar is remembered for his reformative financial policies and for establishing the 'Estado Novo.' The surpluses were invested in a series of development plans. The peculiar fact is that when Salazar was driven from power in 1968, the army that had been faithful to him refused to operate against the independence movements in the colonies. Andrew Roberts Aristides de Sousa Mendes and a telegram from Portuguese dictator Salazar. Salazar and his government, unabashed by poverty, refused to give up any of its African colonies. Salazar of Portugal In 1889 Antonio de Oliveira Salazar was born into a devout smallholding family of peasant origins. On July 27, 1970, he died. Salazar: Minister of Finance . He started and led the Estado Novo ("New State"), the authoritarian, right-wing government that ruled Portugal from 1932 to 1974. With Diogo Morgado, Soraia Chaves, Héléna Noguerra, Ana Padrão. It is said that when he died in 1970 he still believed that he was dictator. Omissions? Gaining in power, Salazar was named prime minister by Carmona on July 5, 1932, and thus became the strong man of Portugal. Thus Salazar was his mother's family name. Salazar was a normal man, but a very unusual dictator, whose thought and action continue to pose a challenge to democratic politics in Europe and elsewhere. One of these items ships sooner than the other. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. George Macdonald Fraser He is married with three grown-up children. As Dictator, Salazar was ably supported by the feared army and especially the security police, known as the PIDE. New Penguin Dictionary of Modern History Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Salazar called his new order in Portugal the New State (Estado Novo). Christopher Lee It is so often the same story. Perhaps it relates to the time his regime lasted. However, Salazar’s insistence on maintaining Portugal’s colonies in Africa could only be sustained with difficulty at a time when the other European colonial empires in Africa were being dismantled. In 1940 a concordat governing church-state relations was signed between Portugal … His economic policies were the opposite of progressive however, surprisingly for a supposedly brilliant economist. Sir Iain Moncreiffe of that Ilk Far from it. Corrections? Antonio de Oliveira Salazar was an economics professor who came to rule Portugal as a dictator. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Oxford Encyclopaedia of World History He graduated from there in law in 1914 and became a professor specializing in economics at Coimbra. At the outbreak of World War II, Portugal was ruled by António de Oliveira Salazar, the man who in 1933 had founded the Estado Novo ("New State"), the corporatist authoritarian government that … SALAZAR, ANTONIO (1889–1970)BIBLIOGRAPHYPortuguese politician.The "Catholic dictator" of Portugal, Antonio de Oliveira Salazar led one of the longest dictatorships in twentieth-century Europe. Paul Massie. A much-needed and long-awaited book.’ — Bruno Maçães, former Europe Minister of Portugal and author of The Dawn of Eurasia Copyright 2012 - 2017 Avada | All Rights Reserved | Powered by, Henry M. Stanley, explorer and journalist. António de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE, (April 28, 1888 – July 27, 1970) was the Prime Minister and dictator of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. Salazar: The Dictator Who Refused To Die, by Tom Gallagher, Hurst Publishers, 360 pages, $34.95. He was the President of the Republic in 1951, as interim. L ast weekend, Michael Warren Davis sang the praises of the Portuguese dictator Antonio Salazar in a piece for The American Conservative. Salazar was an dictator for politics, not for the people. António de Oliveira Salazar, född 28 april 1889 i Vimieiro nära Santa Comba Dão, Viseu, död 27 juli 1970 i Lissabon, var en portugisisk diktator och nationalekonom. This led to the downfall of the regime. — Bruno Ma es, former Europe Minister of Portugal and author of The Dawn of Eurasia In 1928 General António Oscar de Fragoso Carmona, as president, offered him the finance ministry with complete control over the government’s income and expenditures, and this time Salazar accepted. The regime opposed not only communism and socialism but also liberalism. Buy the selected items together. The policy was simple: abolition of other political parties and trade unions; complete censorship, the maintenance of power in an all-powerful administration, and an insistence on the values of ‘God, Country and the family’. Show details. The provisional military government was shortly taken over by General António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona, who favoured sweeping changes. Salazar was less repressive and less tied to the Axis powers than Franco, says his biographer Tom Gallagher, British author of Salazar: The Dictator Who Refused to Die. Dan Jones He helped form the Catholic Centre Party in 1921 and was elected to the Cortes (parliament), but he resigned after one session and returned to the university. Political freedoms in Portugal were thus curtailed, military police repressed dissidents, and attention was concentrated on economic recovery. But, as so often seems to happen, the landowning oligarchy became richer and richer. 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